In the face of criticism that Facebook is not doing enough to combat extremist messaging, the company likes to say that its automated systems remove the vast majority of prohibited content glorifying the Islamic State group and al-Qaida before it's reported.
However, a whistleblower’s complaint shows that Facebook itself has inadvertently provided the two extremist groups with a networking and recruitment tool by producing dozens of pages in their names.
The social networking company appears to have made little progress on the issue in the four months since The Associated Press detailed how pages that Facebook auto-generates for businesses are aiding Middle East extremists and white supremacists in the United States.
On Wednesday, 18 September, US senators on the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation will be questioning representatives from social media companies, including Monika Bickert, who heads Facebooks efforts to stem extremist messaging.
The new details come from an update of a complaint to the Securities and Exchange Commission that the National Whistleblower Center plans to file this week.
The filing obtained by the AP identifies almost 200 auto-generated pages – some for businesses, others for schools or other categories – that directly reference the Islamic State group and dozens more representing al-Qaida and other known groups.
One page listed as a "political ideology" is titled "I love Islamic state." It features an IS logo inside the outlines of Facebook's famous thumbs-up icon.
In response to a request for comment, a Facebook spokesperson told the AP:
“Our priority is detecting and removing content posted by people that violates our policy against dangerous individuals and organisations to stay ahead of bad actors. Auto-generated pages are not like normal Facebook pages as people can’t comment or post on them and we remove any that violate our policies. While we cannot catch every one, we remain vigilant in this effort.”
Facebook has a number of functions that auto-generate pages from content posted by users. The updated complaint scrutinises one function that is meant to help business networking. It scrapes employment information from users' pages to create pages for businesses. In this case, it may be helping the extremist groups because it allows users to like the pages, potentially providing a list of sympathisers for recruiters.
Extremist Pages Are Easy to Find
The new filing also found that users' pages promoting extremist groups remain easy to find with simple searches using their names. They uncovered one page for "Mohammed Atta" with an iconic photo of one of the al-Qaida adherents, who was a hijacker in the 11 September attacks. The page lists the user's work as "Al Qaidah" and education as "University Master Bin Laden" and "School Terrorist Afghanistan."
Facebook has been working to limit the spread of extremist material on its service, so far with mixed success. In March, it expanded its definition of prohibited content to include US white nationalist and white separatist material as well as that from international extremist groups.
It says it has banned 200 white supremacist organisations and 26 million pieces of content related to global extremist groups like IS and al-Qaida.
It also expanded its definition of terrorism to include not just acts of violence attended to achieve a political or ideological aim, but also attempts at violence, especially when aimed at civilians with the intent to coerce and intimidate. It's unclear, though, how well enforcement works if the company is still having trouble ridding its platform of well-known extremist organisations' supporters.
But as the report shows, plenty of material gets through the cracks – and gets auto-generated.
The AP story in May highlighted the auto-generation problem, but the new content identified in the report suggests that Facebook has not solved it.
The report also says that researchers found that many of the pages referenced in the AP report were removed more than six weeks later on 25 June, the day before Bickert was questioned for another congressional hearing.
The issue was flagged in the initial SEC complaint filed by the centre's executive director, John Kostyack, that alleges the social media company has exaggerated its success combatting extremist messaging.
"Facebook would like us to believe that its magical algorithms are somehow scrubbing its website of extremist content," Kostyack said.
“Yet those very same algorithms are auto-generating pages with titles like ‘I Love Islamic State,’ which are ideal for terrorists to use for networking and recruiting.”John Kostyack
(Published in an arrangement with AP)
(At The Quint, we question everything. Play an active role in shaping our journalism by becoming a member today.)