The price of oil surged Friday, 3 January, on concerns that Iran might respond to the killing of its top general by the United States by disrupting global supplies of energy from West Asia.
If sustained, the rise in oil prices could lead to more expensive car fuel, heating and electricity bills, stifling the global economy at a time when it is already slowing.
News that General Qassem Soleimani, head of Iran’s elite Quds Force, was killed in an air attack at the Baghdad international airport prompted expectations of Iranian retaliation.
Iran a Threat to Crude Oil From the Gulf
During past flare-ups in relations with the US, Iran threatened the supply of oil that travels from the Persian Gulf to the rest of the world. About 20 percent of crude traded worldwide goes through the Strait of Hormuz, where the shipping lane is only 3 kilometres wide and tankers have come under attack this year.
The international benchmark for crude oil jumped 3.7 percent, or USD 2.45, to USD 68.70 a barrel in London trading. The US contract was up 3.6 percent, or USD 2.18, to USD 63.36.
“Revenge will come, maybe not overnight, but it will come and until then we need to increase the geopolitical risk premium,” said Olivier Jakob, head of consultancy Petromatrix, in a note to investors.
He noted that Iran's response may not be limited to the Strait of Hormuz.
In September, Yemen's Iran-backed Houthi rebels launched drone attacks on the world's largest oil processing facility in Saudi Arabia. The strike briefly took out about half of the supplies from the world's largest oil exporter. The US directly blamed Iran, which denied involvement.
Launching attacks that can't be easily linked back to Iran limits the chances of direct retaliation.
However, Iran has also directly targeted tankers. This year it seized a British-flagged tanker, the Stena Impero, for several weeks. And it has shot down a US military drone.
About 80 percent of the crude oil that travels through the Strait of Hormuz goes to countries in Asia, including China, Japan, India and South Korea.
Ripple Effect in Oil Importing Countries
But the rise in the global price of oil will likely have a wider effect, particularly in oil-importing countries with big manufacturing sectors like Germany. Its stock market fared worst on Friday, falling 1.3 percent.
Because the prices of fuels like gasoline generally reflect moves in the market for crude, that could mean higher costs for drivers and airlines, for example.
Airline shares were down sharply across the world on Friday.
In the US, crude oil accounts for just over 50 percent of the price of gasoline, according to the US Energy Information Administration.
In the longer term, the rise in crude oil prices could be limited by the fact that the energy market is flush with oil while demand has softened as major economies have slowed. Crude-producing countries – particularly the Unites States – have been pumping oil at a high rate.
The OPEC cartel and its key ally Russia agreed last month to cut their oil production, but many countries have been pumping above their quotas.
That has, so far, kept the price of oil in check. On Friday, the Brent benchmark rose to its highest since May after largely hovering around USD 60 a barrel.
A gradual rise in renewable energy production could also limit the economic damage from a jump in crude prices. But experts note that fossil fuels like oil continue to provide the vast majority of energy that drives industry, transportation and heating, among other things.
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