Under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, India has moved to quickly scale up its use of renewable power.
In 2014, the year Modi took office, India had 3 gigawatts of solar power. By the end of 2017, it had nearly 7 times that, or 20 GW, according to industry tracker Bridge to India, a renewable energy consultancy.
Now India wants to quintuple that total by 2022 – a goal once seen as hugely ambitious but now considered within reach by energy experts.
Progress is clearly happening quickly: During 2017 alone, India doubled its installed solar capacity from 10 GW to 20 GW. Tim Buckley, Director of Energy Finance Studies at the Australia-based Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA), said:
India is going to maintain and accelerate the momentum. It will move to be the number two player in the next year or two.Tim Buckley, Director, Energy Finance Studies, IEEFA
In 2017, India added the third largest amount of national solar capacity, just behind the US and China, and was overtaking Japan, according to IEEFA research.
Now, in partnership with France, India wants to take its growing resources and knowledge on solar power and use it to help other sunny countries jumpstart their own solar ambitions.
Solar Alliance
On 11 March in New Delhi, Modi and the French President Emmanuel Macron hosted the launch of a solar energy partnership that aims to build a network to help tropical countries around the world boost their use of solar power.
In the Vedas (ancient Hindu texts), the sun was thought to be the world’s soul. In India, the sun was thought of as the nurturer of all life. These days, when we are looking for a way to combat climate change, we must look to this ancient perspective.Narendra Modi, Prime Minister
As part of the alliance, India will offer up to $1.4 billion in assistance to help with 27 solar projects in other countries, the prime minister said.
Macron said France also will commit 700 million euros to the alliance.
Upendra Tripathy, the Director-General of the new alliance, said it aims to scale-up solar power in many more countries.
“Everyone has access (to the sun) but in terms of ability to exploit solar energy, (that) is not equal,” he said in a telephone interview with the Thomson Reuters Foundation. “Credit is a challenge. Skill-set is a challenge. The fundamental issue is, do all member countries have equal ability to exploit solar energy?”
ISA plans to address that issue in part by creating a larger, global market for solar technology that would benefit smaller countries by aggregating the risk and the demand,Upendra Tripathy
The alliance, an effort to advance the 2015 Paris climate agreement, aims to become a network of 121 countries, he said. Currently, 32 countries are full members and another 61 are on their way to full membership. Many are developing nations.
India’s Challenges
India’s solar push is in part boosted by steadily dropping costs of providing solar energy. Kanika Chawla, Senior Programme Lead at the Delhi-based Council on Energy, Environment and Water – a partner organisation of the ISA – said:
To produce a unit of solar power now costs 2.5 rupees – a cost similar to that of more traditional energy sources.Kanika Chawla, Senior Programme Lead, Council on Energy, Environment and Water
India’s transition to renewable energy – without shutting down its coal-fired power plants – represents a new model for developing countries going forward, Chawla said in a telephone interview.
But India still gets about three-quarters of its power from coal, although that is expected to fall to below 50 percent by 2040, according to the International Energy Agency.
India’s power providers, largely state-run public companies, are heavily in debt and as a result, many companies generating solar power are not being paid on time, Chawla said.
India’s government also is considering a 70 percent tariff on solar imports to protect India’s solar manufacturers – something that is causing a lot of uncertainty as investors try to bring new solar projects into the country, Buckley said.
Other issues for the nation's solar scale-up include the tricky business of figuring out how to integrate renewables into the existing electricity grid and the lack of a business model for such utilities – a problem other countries using solar energy also face, Chawla said.
All of these issues have contributed to a slowdown in the pace at which solar projects are being commissioned in India, she said.
But what the renewable energy future holds for the South Asian giant will be critical for the world, climate change experts say.
As China’s economic growth slows, India’s is heating up, along with its energy demand. India is today the top contributor to growth in energy demand, according to the International Energy Agency.
“It’s worth acknowledging the Indian market and economy is still significantly smaller than China and it will be for some time to come,” Buckley said. However, “India is very much wedded to the energy transformation. It’s coming straight from the Prime Minister, and the energy minister and the coal minister are very much onboard,” he said.
And “especially with the US leaving the Paris agreement, there’s a perceived void that some country needs to fill – and the International Solar Alliance is a clever way of signaling climate leadership”, Chawla said. “It is India’s offering to the world.”
(This article was published in an arrangement with Reuters.)
(At The Quint, we question everything. Play an active role in shaping our journalism by becoming a member today.)