Buoyed by the successful launch of the South Asia Satellite, the Indian space agency is now busy preparing for the maiden launch of its heaviest rocket – the 640-tonne Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle-Mark III (GSLV Mk-III).
The notable aspect of this rocket is that the main and bigger cryogenic engine has been developed by space scientists here and will be powering the rocket for the first time.
Our 12 years of labour is expected to bear fruit this June. Preparation for the June launch of GSLV Mk-III rocket carrying communication satellite GSAT-19 is on at SriharikotaK Sivan, Director, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), told IANS.
"All the officials are confident of the proposed mission's success. The strap-on motors and the core stage/engine have been integrated," Sivan added..
The GSLV Mk-III will be India’s Heaviest Rocket
Queried about the slight postponement in the rocket's launch – earlier it was said the rocket would fly end-May – Sivan said: "As this is a new rocket, we want to carry out extensive tests and hence there has been a slight change in the launch schedule."
According to him, the GSLV Mk-III will make its maiden voyage during the first week of June.
The GSAT 19, weighing around 3.2 tonnes – the heaviest satellite to be lifted by an Indian rocket – is already at the Sriharikota rocket port.
“The rocket’s design carrying capacity is four tonnes. The payload will be gradually increased in the future flights of the GSLV Mk-III,” Sivan said.
According to ISRO, GSAT-19 is a multi-beam satellite planned to carry Ka and Ku band forward and return link transponders. The satellite's design lifespan is 15 years.
The Indian space agency had flown a similar rocket without the cryogenic engine, but with 3.7 tonne payload in 2014.
"That was mainly to test the structural stability of the rocket while in flight and the aerodynamics," Sivan said.
During the atmospheric flight phase, a rocket will encounter different kinds of pressures.
The 2014 mission was a success. The vehicle performed as expected but gave data for slight modifications in the rocket’s outer shield to improve the aerodynamics. The shape of the heat shield and the strap-on motors has been slightly changed nowSivan said
"That mission proved the transition of stage (engine) burn, the rocket's overall design and the separation of various stages," S Somanath, Director, Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC), told IANS.
Advantages of a Cryogenic Engine
Somanath, who was earlier Project Director for the GSLV Mk-III, said the inputs of the 2014 mission enabled ISRO reduce the load on the rocket by around 20 per cent.
Designing the rocket engines and, more particularly, the cryogenic engine of the GSLV Mk-III is not a simple extrapolation of specifications of the GSLV Mk-II’s cryogenic engineSomanath said
The mass of the GSLV Mk-III's cryogenic engine is double than that of the GSLV-Mk II.
"The GSLV-Mk II cryogenic engine's propellant volume is 12 tonnes while that of GSLV Mk-III is 27 tonnes. The thrust power of the bigger cryogenic engine is 19.5 tonnes while that of the previous engine was 7.5 tonnes," Somanath said.
As to the learnings from developing the cryogenic engine for the GSLV-Mk II, Somanath said:
It enabled us to learn about cryogenic materials. It gave us the experience in handling cryogenic materials. We also established the various procedures from scratch
According to Somanath, ISRO has got the government's approval to build more GSLV Mk-II rockets and orders for hardware have been placed.
India presently has two rockets – the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and GSLV Mk-II – with a lift-off mass of 415 tonnes and a carrying capacity of 2.5 tonnes
(The article has been published in an arrangement with IANS)
(At The Quint, we question everything. Play an active role in shaping our journalism by becoming a member today.)