National Clean Air Programme Launched to Combat Pollution by 2024

Union Environment Minister Harsh Vardhan on Thursday launched the much-awaited National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) to improve air quality by 20 to 30 percent in next five years with 2017 as the base year.

He said besides reducing air pollution concentration, pollution monitoring networks will be enhanced and activities will be put in place to improve awareness.

“Collaborative and participatory approach involving relevant central ministries, state governments, local bodies and other stakeholders with focus on all sources of pollution forms the crux of the programme,” said the minister.

Though the plan will be collaborative and participatory in nature, it will not be legally binding on states.

Harsh Vardhan, Union Environment Minister

“We will also utilise the Smart Cities Mission to launch the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) in 43 of the 102 non-attainment cities which did not meet the annual PM 2.5 and PM 10 national standard from 2011 to 2015," Vardhan said at the launch.

An amount of Rs 300 crore has been sanctioned by the Ministry of Finance for the purpose.

Taking into account the available international experience and national studies, the tentative national level target of 20 to 30 percent reduction of PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentration by 2024 is proposed under the NCAP. This is keeping 2017 as the base year for the comparison of the concentration.

Harsh Vardhan, Union Environment Minister

While particulate matter (PM) 2.5 refers to particles in air with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometres, PM10 level tells about particles in the air with a diameter of less than 10 micrometres.

The NCAP will be a mid-term, five year action plan with 2019 as the first year.

"However, the international experience and national studies indicate that significant outcome in terms of air pollution initiatives are visible only in the long-term and hence, the programme may be further extended to a longer time horizon after a mid-term review of the outcomes," the environment minister said.

Niti Ayog CEO Amitabh Kant termed the plan a "critical initiative which will not only push for accountability in city administration but also improve public participation in tackling pollution crisis".

"Today cities occupy just 3 percent of the land but contribute to 82 percent of GDP and are responsible for 78 percent of carbon dioxide emissions. The cities though are engines of growth and equity, but they have to be sustainable and it is in this context that NCAP being a very inclusive program holds special relevance," he said.

The NCAP has proposed multiple strategies to combat air pollution in the 102 most-polluting cities in the country.

"City specific action plans are being formulated for 102 non-attaintment cities identified for implementing mitigation actions under NCAP. The cities have already prepared action plans in consultation with the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). However, this does not imply that cities other than these 102 will not take any measures in this regard," Environment Secretary C K Mishra said.

The NCAP will be operationalised through inter-sectoral groups which include ministries of road transport and highways, petroleum and natural gas, renewable energy and housing and urban affairs among others. The institutional framework will comprise an apex committee under the Environment Ministry and a committee at the chief secretary level in the states.

"Other features of NCAP include increasing number of monitoring stations in the country, including rural monitoring stations, technology support, emphasis on awareness and capacity building initiatives, setting up of certification agencies for monitoring equipment, source apportionment studies, emphasis on enforcement and specific sectoral interventions," Mishra said.

With an aim of bringing a time-bound national level strategy for pan-India implementation to tackle increasing air pollution problem across the country in a comprehensive manner, the Environment Ministry had last year put up the draft NCAP on its website and invited comments from various stakeholders.

The draft plan had invited criticism from green bodies which claimed that it lacked the government’s earlier set target of bringing down air pollution by 50 percent in five years.

With a massive haze of dust enveloping Delhi and the pollution levels dropping to "severe" category, the green bodies had also urged the government to roll out the plan as soon as possible.