Childhood Cancer Myths Busted: 7 Facts About Pediatric Cancer

There are various misconceptions around pediatric cancer and here are a few facts to replace the myths

Childhood cancer, though relatively rare, poses a significant health concern globally. According to Children's Cancer Foundation, with over 300,000 children diagnosed annually worldwide, and more than 50,000 new cases reported in India alone, it's crucial to understand the realities of this condition. Unfortunately, misinformation and myths often cloud the understanding of childhood cancer, leading to misconceptions that can delay diagnosis and treatment. Let's explore and dispel some of these myths to foster greater awareness and support for children battling cancer.

According to Dr Minish Jain, Medical Oncology at Ruby Hall Clinic, understanding the truths behind childhood cancer is crucial for dispelling myths, raising awareness, and providing support to affected children and their families. By debunking misconceptions, promoting early detection, and advocating for advancements in pediatric oncology, we can improve outcomes and ensure a brighter future for children battling cancer.

Myth 1: Childhood cancer is just like adult cancer

Fact: Contrary to popular belief, childhood cancers differ significantly from adult cancers in various aspects. While adult cancers often originate in organs, childhood cancers primarily involve tissues such as the hematopoietic, lymphatic, central nervous system, muscles, and bones. Additionally, the types of cancer, treatment approaches, and long-term effects differ between children and adults.

Myth 2: Childhood cancer is always fatal

Fact: Thanks to advances in medical science and improved treatment protocols, the survival rates for childhood cancer have increased significantly. In the West, survival rates for some childhood cancers reach 80-90%, and even with a conservative estimate of a 70% survival rate, many children overcome cancer and lead fulfilling lives. Early detection and timely, effective treatment play crucial roles in improving outcomes.

Myth 3: Childhood cancer is hereditary

Fact: While genetic factors contribute to a small percentage (5-10%) of childhood cancers, the majority occur sporadically without a known cause. Changes or mutations in DNA inside cells can lead to the development of cancer cells. However, most childhood cancers are not directly inherited from parents, and having a family history of cancer does not necessarily mean a child will develop cancer.

Myth 4: Childhood cancer is preventable.

Fact: Unlike some adult cancers that may be preventable through lifestyle modifications (e.g., quitting smoking to reduce the risk of lung cancer), childhood cancers generally cannot be prevented. Since the causes of most childhood cancers are unknown, prevention strategies are limited. Emphasizing early detection through awareness of signs and symptoms remains crucial for timely intervention.

Myth 5: Childhood cancer is contagious.

Fact: Cancer is not contagious, including childhood cancers. It cannot be transmitted from one person to another through physical contact, sharing utensils, or being in close proximity to a cancer patient. Understanding this fact helps combat stigma and discrimination against children with cancer and their families.

Myth 6: Childhood cancer always presents obvious symptoms

Fact: Unlike adults who may recognize signs of cancer in their bodies, detecting cancer in children can be challenging. Symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, persistent headaches with vomiting, lumps or masses, recurrent fevers, and fatigue may mimic common childhood illnesses or injuries. Vigilance and prompt medical evaluation are essential for early diagnosis.

Myth 7: Childhood cancer treatment is the same as for adults

Fact: Treatment for childhood cancer requires a specialized approach tailored to the unique needs of young patients. Pediatric cancer units with specialized disease management groups offer comprehensive care, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, and targeted therapies. These treatments aim to not only cure cancer but also minimize long-term side effects and preserve quality of life.