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Sudheendra Kulkarni praises the soon-to-be Congress president’s visits to Somnath and other temples in Gujarat, and decries the BJP’s dangerous dalliance with takfirism that’s making extremist Muslims attack their own co-religionists as non-Muslim.
Takfirism is not a word that has become widely known in the public discourse in India. But it surely will. As Hindu fanaticism becomes shriller in India, imitating the ways and views of Muslim fanaticism all around the world, the discourse on secularism, communal harmony and national integration will have to study both local and global trends more seriously and with a keener eye on the sources of bigotry.
Takfirism derives from Arabic language and Islamic history in which some Muslims began declaring a fellow Muslim of being a non-Muslim, impure, hypocrite and a kafir (unbeliever), if, in their judgment, the latter was seen to be violating the basic tenets of Islam.
Hence, they denounce the common Muslim practice in many countries of offering prayers at the shrines of Sufi saints which is regarded as un-Islamic.
Not content with declaring fellow Muslims to be non-Muslim, Takfiris try to violently suppress the latter’s right to follow their beliefs and modes of worship. They also target governments in Muslim countries that do not rule according to their version of the Sharia law.
Examples in history abound, but let’s look at the ones in our own times. Egyptian authorities have accused Takfiris of perpetrating the horrific terrorist attack on a Sufi mosque in Sinai last month, which killed 305 people. ISIS attacks on the syncretic (Sunni-Shia, Muslim-Christian) heritage of Iraq and Syria are guided by the Takfiri mindset.
In Tunisia, Takfirs have regularly issued fatwas against their opponents and even carried out assassinations of prominent politicians and public figures. In 2014, Tunisia’s new Constitution criminalised the practice of Takfir, the first country in the Arab world to do so.
What should particularly worry us are the violent manifestations of Takfiri violence in India’s own neighbourhood. In February this year, a suicide bomber attacked the famous Sufi shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar in Sehwan in Sindh, killing over 100 devotees.
In his article ‘Takfirisation of Pakistan’, Liaquat Ali Khan, a US-based scholar, writes:
Khan further says:
Takfirism has so far not raised its ugly head in India, primarily because of the strong and widespread roots of pluralism, syncretism and tolerance in matters of faith and worship in our civilization.
It is obvious, and also unsurprising, that they are all supporters of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party.
Since May 2014, they have become particularly vocal. As cow vigilantes they have violently targeted Muslims. They have adjudged ‘secularism’, which is a preambular principle and commitment in the Indian Constitution, to be anti-Hindu, and maligned it as ‘sickularism’.
Emboldened by the absence of strong and consistent condemnation of their acts by top BJP-RSS leaders, they brazenly resort to abusive and hateful language on social media to troll fellow Hindus ─ not to speak of showing their bigotry towards non-Hindus. They do not hesitate to declare those Hindus as “enemies of Hindus” if the latter do not agree to support ‘Hindutva’, which, like Islamism in Muslim countries, is a political ideology to impose majoritarian rule in India.
When religion is thus used ─ rather, misused ─ to gain advantage in political rivalry and power games, the rise of Hindu ‘Takfirism’ becomes inevitable. We saw this a few days ago in Gujarat when Rahul Gandhi, Congress vice-president and soon-to-be its president, was campaigning for his party in the upcoming state assembly elections.
When he visited the historic Dwarkadhish Temple and the Somnath Temple, ‘Takfiri’ BJP spokesmen ludicrously asked him to declare that he is not a “non-Hindu”. All kinds of irrelevant issues, such as his mother’s faith and his grandfather’s faith, have been raised. What right do they have to question his Hindu belief when he offers prayers in Hindu temples as all Hindus do? Who are they to ask him to declare himself as a Hindu?
Even though Prime Minister Narendra Modi has not lent his voice to this needless controversy, he has, quite unfortunately, brought the history of the post-Independence reconstruction of Somnath Temple into the Gujarat election campaign. Taking a dig at Rahul’s visit to the temple, Modi, without taking any name, said:
It is not necessary here to go into the history of how the Somnath Temple was repeatedly attacked and pillaged by Mahmood Ghazni in the 11th century, how this fanatic Muslim invader broke Hindu idols, how devout Hindus tried to rebuild it again and again, how it was once again reconstructed in its present shape after India gained freedom, and how India’s first President Rajendra Prasad inaugurated it and ceremonially installed the jyotirlingam.
What is pertinent to our present discussion is only this: Even if Nehru was not entirely right in the Somnath Temple matter, and even if Patel deserves credit for its reconstruction, why object to Rahul offering prayers there? If Modi thinks Nehru was wrong, shouldn’t he actually welcome the fact that Rahul’s visit to Somnath marks the closure of a certain chapter in its history?
The real reasons behind the BJP raking up this controversy are different, and they stem from a sense of fear at the changing political situation in Gujarat and across the country. Unlike his mother Sonia Gandhi, but much like his grandmother Indira Gandhi, Rahul has been regularly visiting Hindu temples in different parts of India, both during election and non-election times.
This has obviously alarmed the BJP leadership. Creation and consolidation of the ‘Hindu votebank’ has become the cornerstone of the BJP’s electoral strategy in the post-2014 era, even though the party has historically decried its opponents’ strategy to use Muslims as a “votebank”. The party’s top leaders and foot-soldiers routinely paint the Congress as an “anti-Hindu” party.
In matters of religion ─ its true meaning and purpose ─ and also in many other matters, Rahul is genuinely influenced by the life and philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi. Whereas Prime Minister Narendra Modi invokes Gandhiji only in the context of the Swachh Bharat Mission, Rahul’s respect for, and interest in, the Father of the Nation is far more comprehensive.
As a matter of fact, no Indian in modern times embodied and practiced the true spirit of Hinduism by showing genuine and equal respect for all faiths as the Mahatma. It is pertinent here to remember that a ‘Takfiri’ Hindu assassinated the Mahatma because Godse regarded Gandhiji as anti-Hindu.
Of course, we must acknowledge that Hindu ‘Takfirs’ have not become as extremist and violent as Muslim ‘Takfirs’, and this is because of the robust tradition of tolerance and diversity in Hinduism. Even atheists, who are the true unbelievers, have freedom in Hinduism and are accepted as Hindus. For example, Charvaka, an avowed atheist, is honoured as a Rishi in the Hindu tradition.
It is necessary to safeguard this fine and precious tradition, not only for the sake of multi-religious India but also for today’s globalised world, in which all the faiths and cultures on the planet are coming closer than ever before and, hence, are required to live in harmonious co-existence.
To understand the real and present danger to both India and Hinduism, I again turn to the cautionary description of what is happening in Pakistan, as expressed in the words of Liaquat Ali Khan:
What is currently happening in Pakistan is a warning that India, and Hindus, can ignore at their own peril.
(The writer, who was an aide to India’s former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, is chairman of the Observer Research Foundation, Mumbai. He can be reached @SudheenKulkarni . This is an opinion piece and the views expressed above are the author’s own. The Quint neither endorses nor is responsible for the same.)
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