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There has been strong criticism in national and international media, against perceived Assamese chauvinism and sub-nationalism, with people from all over the world agitating against the human rights violations in Assam as part of the National Registrar of Citizens (NRC).
A communal colour has been given to the issue, particularly owing to the pending Citizenship Amendment Bill, 2006, and allegations of procedural discrimination from the ground.
However, the issues we are grappling with are far too nuanced to simplify into simple good-bad binaries. While there is room for debate regarding the implementation and possible way forwards, it is essential that one understands the ground realities.
It is indeed a fact that the over the past seventy (70) years, the demographics of the lower and central Brahmaputra valley has changed significantly, threatening the very linguistic and cultural fabric of indigenous and Assamese peoples. The example of Tripura is too fresh, and too close.
One way of looking at the NRC update which was directed and is being monitored by the Supreme Court of India, is that finally there will be a determination of the number of illegal immigrants in Assam. Currently there is no firm figure for illegal immigrants. Over time, the Union Government has provided contradictory figures in this regard in Parliament.
There are certain categories of people who are eligible for being included in the NRC, such as but not limited to:
The final draft of the NRC was published on 30 July 2018.
40, 07,717 people were excluded, and 2,89,83,677 people were included out of 3.29 crore applicants. Prateek Hajela, NRC State Coordinator, said that out of these 40 lakh people, applications of 2.48 lakh people are kept on “hold” who belong to the following four categories:
The state coordinator had informed the Supreme Court on 2 July 2018 that 1.15 lakh who were included in the first draft, will now be excluded from the final draft, and will be served a Letter of Information within seven days of publication of the final draft. This number includes 65,694 cases which were earlier found to be matched at the office level, and were discovered to be false during the Family Tree investigation.
48,456 cases of married women (who were included in the first draft), based on the submission of panchayat certificates as linkage documents, have been found inadmissible, on re-verification of the hearing conducted for Gaon Panchayat Secretary Certificate verification. 19,783 persons who were found ineligible after ‘quality control exercise’ to rectify errors committed at the field level.
The Union Government has assured that no coercive action will be taken against the people who did not feature in the final draft. Further, they can file their claims and objections, and there will be no deportation or curtailment of any rights of these people.Further, there are several outstanding issues that either require resolution or quietus, for the NRC to be conclusive. First, there are several constitutional and legal issues pending before a Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court of India. The hearings are yet to commence.
In 2014, vide its judgment dated 17 December 2014, in Assam Sanmilita Mahasangha & Ors vs Union Of India & Ors, the Supreme Court was pleased to refer important questions of law to a Constitution Bench. Out of the outstanding issues, the decision on the following two issues will have a bearing on the NRC:
Second, the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill 2016 (now pending before a Joint Parliamentary Committee) provides a fast track pathway to obtain citizenship (by naturalisation in seven years instead of the existing twelve years) to persons belonging to the minority communities, such as Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan. The Bill is being widely opposed in Assam and Meghalaya.
‘Deportation’ is what the Prime Minister had promised in the run-up to the 2014 general elections. It will not be incorrect to say that the 2016 assembly elections were won by the BJP by pitching this emotive issue using the allegory of the ‘Last Battle of Saraighat’.
However today, both the central and state governments have virtually eschewed attempts at mass deportation as an impossible task. Truth be told, the pathway to deportation is lengthy, and shrouded in processes that renders it virtually ineffective. In the absence of a bilateral agreement, it presupposes that the government of Bangladesh will acknowledge the identified persons (alleged foreigners) as Bangladeshi citizens.
There have been recent media reports suggesting that the Union Home Ministry is considering a proposal to provide long-term biometric work permits, with no political rights or the right to own immovable property, to those declared as foreigners. At the same time, a fresh sanction has been given to build a stand-alone detention camp. About 2,000 detected illegal immigrants including D-voters are currently being held in Assam’s six detention centres located at Goalpara, Kokrajhar, Silchar, Dibrugarh, Jorhat and Tezpur.
It is important and essential to address the decades-old festering angst in Assam about illegal immigrants/foreigners. It is equally important and essential for the union government to proactively come out with an equitable, predictable and transparent plan on the way forward, for those who will be identified as ‘foreigners’. Leaving a vacuum and passing the buck to the Supreme Court on this one will be irresponsible, and provide further fodder for the discontent brewing in Assam.
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(Krishna Sarma is Managing Partner, Corporate Law Group, New Delhi. She has been dealing with issues such as that of the NRC since 2001, as the State of Assam’s lawyer. This is an opinion piece and the views expressed above are the author’s own. The Quint neither endorses nor is responsible for the same.)
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Published: 31 Jul 2018,02:20 AM IST