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Following years of debate and protests, Yale University recently announced plans to rename its Calhoun College – named after former US vice-president John, who is remembered as being an advocate of slavery.
The Calhoun College, one of the University's 12 undergraduate residential colleges, will now be named to honour Grace Murray Hopper, a computer pioneer who went on to become a US Navy rear admiral.
Hopper, like Calhoun, is an alumnus of Yale, and was posthumously awarded the presidential medal of freedom last year by Barack Obama.
“The decision to change a college’s name is not one we take lightly, but John C Calhoun’s legacy as a white supremacist and a national leader who passionately promoted slavery as a 'positive good' fundamentally conflicts with Yale’s mission and values,” Yale President Peter Salovey said.
Just last year, Salovey had said that the name of Calhoun College would not be changed.
Yale, founded in 1701, is the third oldest institution of higher education in the United States.
The University got its name from Elihu Yale, a British merchant who served as the governor of the East India Company settlement in Fort Saint George at Madras.
Born in 1649 in Massachusetts, Yale moved to London with his family when he was around three years of age. After finish his education, he started working for the East India Company in 1671, and reached Madras a year later.
Though one of the most prestigious institutions in the world today bears his name, Elihu's reputation however was not exactly a good one.
It was also during his stay in present day Chennai that he got married to Catherine Hynmers at the St Mary's Church at Fort St George and it was the first wedding to be registered in this church, The Hindu report stated.
Catherine was the widow of Joseph Hynmers, who was the governor of Madras in the 1670s.
When Elihu had come to India, he was just an entry-level company "writer" who had an annual salary £10. When he left India though, his wealth had increased manifold.
He however was able to take a sizable fortune with him to England and soon he entered the diamond trade in London, along with turning philanthropist.
A blog titled "Elihu Yale was a Slave Trader" on Digital Histories at Yale tells of a dark side of Elihu Yale that not many may know of.
"Yale participated in a meeting that ordered a minimum of ten slaves sent on every outbound European ship. In just one month in 1687, Fort St George exported at least 665 individuals. As governor and president of the Madras settlement, Yale enforced the ten-slaves-per-vessel rule. On two separate occasions, he sentenced 'black Criminalls' accused of burglary to suffer whipping, branding, and foreign enslavement. Although he probably did not own any of these people – the majority were held as the property of the East India Company – he certainly profited both directly and indirectly from their sale," it stated.
The Yale University was earlier known as Collegiate School at Saybrook, and in 1713, Elihu had made his first donation to the institution in the form of 32 books.
Yale gifted the school books, textiles and a portrait of King George I which were then sold in Boston for £800. This money was put in the construction of the Yale college. Elihu’s gift was "the largest private contribution made to the college for the next century".
Last year, when Yale announced the creation of "Committee to Establish Principles on Renaming", Roger Kimball, editor and publisher of the New Criterion, in an opinion piece for The Wall Street Journal, wrote how Calhoun was just an "amateur" when compared to Elihu.
Yale President Peter Salovey, after announcing that Calhoun College will be renamed, also made a reference to Elihu Yale.
He said, "As the Witt report reminds us, honoring a namesake whose legacy so sharply conflicts with the University’s values should weigh especially heavily when the name adorns a residential college, which plays a key role in forming community at Yale. Moreover, unlike, for example, Elihu Yale, who made a gift that supported the founding of our University, or other namesakes who have close historical connections to Yale, Calhoun has no similarly strong association with our campus."
Roger Kimball has once again countered the University's views asking what exactly its statement meant.
"As far as I have been able to determine, Elihu Yale never set foot in New Haven. His benefaction of some books and goods worth £800 helped found Yale College, not Yale University. And whereas the 11th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica praises Calhoun for his 'just and kind' treatment of slaves and the 'stainless integrity' of his character, Elihu Yale had slaves flogged, hanged a stable boy for stealing a horse, and was eventually removed from his post in India for corruption. Is all that not 'fundamentally at odds' with the mission of Peter Salovey’s Yale?" he wrote in a recent piece for WSJ.
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