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Reserve Bank of India Governor Urjit Patel has resigned from his post, making him the first governor since 1990 to step down before his term ends. Patel’s three-year term was to end in September 2019.
“On account of personal reasons, I have decided to step down from my current position effective immediately. It has been my privilege and honour to serve in the Reserve Bank of India in various capacities over the years. The support and hard work of RBI staff, officers and management has been the proximate driver of the Bank’s considerable accomplishments in recent years. I take this opportunity to express gratitude to my colleagues and Directors of the RBI Central Board, and wish them all the best for the future.”
Speculation of Patel’s exit had picked up after differences between the RBI and the government spilled out in the open. This first happened when RBI Deputy Governor Viral Acharya delivered a hard-hitting speech on the need to ensure the independence of the central bank. The speech was delivered with the backing of Patel, suggested the footnotes in Acharya’s speech.
The provocation of that speech, BloombergQuint reported, were letter sent by the government seeking consultations under a rare provision of the RBI Act.
There have been a number of contentious issues that have cropped up between the RBI and the government.
Prime among them is the government’s demand that the RBI shell out more dividend from its reserves. Suggestions to either increase the dividend or reduce the capital on the central bank’s balance sheet have met with opposition from current and former RBI officials.
Citing research from various academics and writings from former RBI Deputy Governor Rakesh Mohan, Acharya noted that having adequate reserves and capital is important for maintaining confidence in the central bank.
“Having adequate reserves to bear any losses that arise from central bank operations and having appropriate rules to allocate profits (including rules that govern the accumulation of capital and reserves) is considered an important part of central bank’s independence from the government,” Acharya said in his speech.
Also, earlier this month, government officials on the RBI’s board pushed for a relaxation of the prompt corrective action framework being used to nurse weak banks back to health.
The pressure from the government to ease the framework prompted Acharya to reiterate the need for greater RBI control over government-owned banks —a point highlighted by Governor Patel earlier this year.
Another point of contention between the RBI and the government has been the a suggestion to set up a payments regulator outside the purview of the RBI. Recently, the RBI publicly disclosed its dissent note on the government’s proposal to set up a Payments Regulatory Board.
Patel’s relationship with the government got off a rocky start. Just two months into his tenure, the government announced demonetisation, which led to the withdrawal of 86 percent of the country’s currency in circulation.
Patel remained silent through much of the process of demonetisation and remonetisation. However, BloombergQuint had reported in November 2017 that the RBI would have preferred it if the government had deferred its decision until it had a larger stock of new currency notes printed. Recently, The Indian Express reported that the RBI had made “significant observation” on some of the justifications given by the government for its demonetisation decision.
As the demonetisation experiment passed, the reticent Patel turned his focus to banks and took a tough stance with both public and private banks. This has led to increased run-ins with the government.
Eleven weak public sector banks have been put under the RBI’s prompt corrective action, restricting them from expanding till they clean-up their balance sheets. While the government had earlier supported the framework, it has since changed its view and has been calling for a relaxation of the framework.
Patel’s objective, though, was to clean-up banking, both private and public. He has been equally tough on private banks that were seen to be lax in meeting governance and compliance standards set by the RBI. Two private bank chief executives – Shikha Sharma and Rana Kapoor - have been denied a term extension. A third – Chanda Kochhar – has stepped down due to allegations of impropriety. It is not clear whether the RBI had a role in her removal.
Patel’s exit means the central bank has now seen two quick transitions. His predecessor Raghuram Rajan left at the end of his three year term but had indicated his decision to leave even before the government could come to a final decision. Patel exits with a few months to spare in his current three-year term. Former governors D Subbarao and YV Reddy both spent five years each at the helm of the central bank.
(This article was first published on BloombergQuint)
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