Treat Sanitation Like Healthcare & Pay Workers More, Say Activists

The signatories put forward a list of suggestions including classifying sanitation workers as healthcare workers.

Manual scavenging is a life risk for sanitation workers.

(Photo Courtesy: India Spend)

A group of citizens including academics and activists have written an open letter to the central and state governments to draw attention to the plight of sanitation workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and suggest measures for their welfare.

The letter states that even though sanitation workers were receiving more recognition during the pandemic, they are still being forced to work without dignity and protection due to the casteist foundations of sanitation work in India.

“We have to work and build on the understanding that hygiene and wellbeing are complementary, even identical, just as the tasks of sanitary workers and doctors are complementary, and their purposes identical.” 

Activists’ open letter to the government

The signatories put forward a list of suggestions including the classification of sanitation workers as healthcare workers, mechanisation of sanitation work, the removal of contract-based employment and the payment of a minimum wage of at least Rs 20,000 per month.

They argue that privileged citizens should also contribute from their end by ensuring their garbage is segregated and composting their waste.

The letter is reproduced below:

Dear Ministers of the Central and State Governments, and People of India,

This is a letter addressed to all organs of State and Society, to all of our fellow citizens, especially to those of us who are privileged by caste and class. It is written in a time of great national and global crisis, when the corona pandemic is upon us all. If the epidemic has unleashed many tragic forces, it has also – provided we are willing to be receptive – been an instructive tutor on various intimate aspects of our public and personal lives.

One of these, surely, is the profoundly important nexus between the notions of sanitation, justice, and self-interest. While this is the larger subject motivating this letter, a more proximate trigger has been the reports we have all heard of sanitary workers being appreciated for their work in this time of collective emergency. These tokens of appreciation have mainly assumed the form of small amounts of money and food.

The appreciation is to be welcomed. But it is also as if, quite suddenly, privileged people have discovered that it is human beings, of esh and blood like themselves, who have been engaged in the business of cleaning up humanity’s trash all these generations. Even so, and however dismal it may be, there is truth in the old proverb that it is better late than never. In this new-found discovery and appreciation might be the seeds of a new awakening.

The hope is that as a nation, perhaps we have, finally, understood the importance of public hygiene. If we wish it to become a feature of the nation, we have to go far beyond mere tokenism. We have to work and build on the understanding that hygiene and wellbeing are complementary, even identical, just as the tasks of sanitary workers and doctors are complementary, and their purposes identical.

The realization of this understanding will depend upon our willingness to go far beyond the dispersed gestures of tokenism that we have witnessed. What is called for, rather, is the implementation of a set of concrete, practical proposals that will lend substance to our awakening and our understanding, and tie these together in a proper appreciation of the values of sanitation and justice, and their grounding in enlightened self-interest. With this in mind, we suggest, as a first step, that we affirm the following as absolutely necessary.

1. Sanitary workers should be classified as health workers, along with doctors and nurses. This will, first and foremost, protect their dignity.
2. (a) All sanitary work should be mechanised. (b) No sanitary work will be contract labour. (c) A minimum wage, of at least Rs 20,000, should be implemented. (In a metropolitan centre like Chennai, Rs 20,000 for a household of 4 would be just about stringently adequate to secure some minimum necessities of life.) (d) There must be comprehensive health insurance for sanitary workers and their families. (e) They will be eligible for all allowances that are covered under the description of `hazardous work’. (f) All sanitary workers will be eligible for pension benefits.
3. Sanitary workers must be provided accommodation, just as the police are, for they both work at keeping citizens safe. Many work at night, so they should be provided safe transport to the site of work.
4. In time, sanitary workers shall come to play a supervisory role. All citizens will participate in keeping public spaces clean, they will separate their garbage, they will compost their bio-degradable waste locally. Sanitary workers will help citizens establish gardens, and help them grow fruits and vegetables with their compost.
5. Children of sanitary workers must get preferential admission to Kendriya Vidyalaya, Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, and Sainik Schools.

The steps proposed above might seem like a social and cultural revolution, but they are no more than a product of the realization that the incalculable benefits of sanitation can be secured from a sensible perception of justice and self-interest being mutually reinforcing virtues. Schemes such as Smart City and Swachh Bharat can very easily finance these proposals. Now, they only need our resolve to see them through.

It is an indisputable fact that sanitary workers in India are overwhelmingly Dalits, and are in fact from `scavenging castes’. There have been many liberation movements, for instance, the Bhim Yatra of 2012, organised by the Safai Karamchari Andolan, which was successful in liberating many thousands of sanitation workers from the shameful and socially imposed practice of cleaning human excreta, with a broom and a basket.

While this is true, our letter addresses another issue altogether, namely the liberation of the `upper’ castes from an imprisoning net of their own making. The fear of transmission of the coronavirus has presented us with an opportunity to not only emerge a clean and dignified nation but to also break the caste transmission of sanitary work from mother to daughter, from father to son.

We have been presented with an opportunity to annihilate caste and untouchability, altogether, from our nation. If we can accomplish this, we would have met the challenge of this virus with a response that will lift us from the depths to great heights. We, therefore, appeal to all good people of conscience and common sense to come forward and to participate in a rebirth of this nation that is mediated by considerations of cleanliness, fairness, and practical wisdom.

The list of signatories include G Israel, Shiva Shankar, S Subramanian, Mari Marcel Thekaekara, Tathagata Sengupta, E Asaithambi, A Isaiah and Arul Ganesh.