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(This article was originally published on 3 May 2016. It is being republished to mark the World Press Freedom Day on 3 May 2018.)
There are several challenges to freedom of the press in India, including threats of violence from vested interests and pressure from political parties, experts have said, calling for greater involvement of civil society in cases pertaining to journalists.
Talking to IANS on the issues concerning the media in India on the eve of World Press Freedom Day on May 3, the experts, including senior journalists, said that media-persons also need to adapt to the new challenges by being more bold.
The World Press Freedom Day celebrates the fundamental principles of press freedom, assess the state of press freedom throughout the world, defends the media from attacks on their independence and pays tribute to journalists who have lost their lives in the line of duty.
It is observed on the anniversary of Declaration of Windhoek - a statement of free press principles put together by newspaper journalists in Africa during a Unesco seminar held in the Namibian city in 1991.
Sevanti Ninan, Editor, The Hoot, a website which undertakes research pertaining to the media to strengthen its independence, said there has been a decline in press freedom in the last few years.
She cited instances of death of three journalists covering investigative stories over the last year and said there should be a law guaranteeing press freedom, which is different from free speech.
She said committees comprising journalists and civil society members should be kept informed of police action against journalist.
Ninan said the media community in India has been remiss in protecting its counterparts in the regional press.
Ninan said that in states like Chhattisgarh, where the state is battling Maoists, journalists who try to report on incidents involving the ultras were becoming victims of state oppression.
“There have been four arrests of journalists in Chhattisgarh since july 2015,” Ninan said.
She said the other issue is defamation.
Ninan said threats to editorial independence “come from proprietors and advertisers among others” while physical threats come from a variety of sources including the state police.
Senior journalist and political commentator S Nihal Singh said the political atmosphere was not very conducive to freedom of press.
Nihal Singh said “there was greater amount of self-censorship in India before the BJP came to power.”
“In the current instance, it is not so much what you do but what you imply. So in overall terms I think, the outlook is not so bright,” he said.
Nihal Singh also said that media was not writing as forthrightly as it normally does or it can do.
Senior journalist and political commentator Kuldip Nayar said the terms of employment of journalists have changed and this “does not allow journalists to be free”. The “sword of the contract system hangs over the head of journalists,” he said.
Nayar said there were attempts to politicize the news and evils such as “paid news” had cropped up.
He said journalists should make use of tools of such as RTI and face the challenges boldly.
AS Narang, who taught political science at IGNOU, said civil society should be more vocal in taking up cases of journalists who face any form of state pressure.
(Prashant Sood can be contacted at prashant.s@ians.in. This article was published in special arrangement with IANS.)
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