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A savings deposit is the most basic of banking products. Everyone who has a bank account has one. It’s also the place where millions of Indians, not well versed with more complex financial products, keep their savings. For those reasons, the interest rate on savings deposits was kept regulated well after the setting of all other interest rates was left to market forces.
In October 2011, D Subbarao, the then governor of the Reserve Bank of India, decided to deregulate the savings deposit rate.
It now looks like banks may be considering moving on this crucial rate. Only, the move being considered is a cut rather than an increase.
In a conversation with BloombergQuint , Arundhati Bhattacharya, Chairman of State Bank of India, the country’s largest bank, said that liquidity conditions have changed substantially due to the withdrawal of Rs 500 and Rs 1,000 notes.
The demonetisation decision, announced on November 8, has led to nearly Rs 13 lakh crore in old currency being deposited into banks. Bankers estimate that a material amount of these deposits may not flow back out, which will lead to a durable change in the liquidity position of the banking sector.
“I think the jury is still out on how much of the deposits will flow back out. At one point, I thought about 15 percent will remain. But some of the other bankers feel that more than 30-40 percent of the money coming into savings bank accounts may not flow back out...” said Bhattacharya while adding that if the increase in digital transactions sticks, then about 30 percent of the cash may stay back in the banking system.
When asked whether the additional liquidity will prompt bankers to cut the savings deposit rate, Bhattacharya said that it is possible.
SBI had savings account deposits worth Rs 6.41 lakh crore as of end of September 2016, showed an analyst presentation made by the bank after its quarterly earnings. This was 34 percent of its total deposit base of Rs 18.6 lakh crore.
The change in liquidity conditions is undeniable.
It is this change in dynamics that has prompted banks to consider a cut in the savings deposit rate. The first hint of this came in a pre-budget meeting between bankers and finance ministry officials earlier this week. At the meeting, bankers suggested that the government consider some incentives for senior citizens to protect them against any possible decline in interest rates.
Unlike adjustments in fixed deposit rates, which tend to respond quickly to changes in liquidity conditions, a change in the savings deposit rate is not an easy decision.
Banks tend to protect this base of low cost deposits from volatility in rates to ensure there is some predictability in their cost of funds. As such, a decision to cut the savings deposit rate may not be taken lightly.
According to Siddharth Purohit, analyst at Angel Broking, a cut in the savings deposit rate can’t be ruled out.
“There is definitely enough reason to cut deposit rates now. Banks will certainly cut fixed deposit rates early next year but a cut in savings deposit rate can’t be ruled out as well,” said Purohit while adding that banks are in difficult position as credit is not picking up and yields on government bonds have also fallen.
“Their incremental margins will be under the pressure so they may consider a cut but it may not be substantial,” said Purohit.
This article was originally published on BloombergQuint.
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