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Nearly eight months after Supreme Court refused to provide legal recognition to same-sex marriages, a five-judge bench led by Chief Justice of India DY Chandrachud will hear petitions seeking review on the verdict on Wednesday, 10 July.
The October 2023 ruling was delivered by a bench comprising CJI Chandrachud, and Justices Sanjay Kishan Kaul, S Ravindra Bhat, Hima Kohli and PS Narasimha. With the retirement of Justices Kaul and Bhat, they will be replaced by Justices Sanjiv Khanna and B Nagarathna.
Soon after, multiple review petitions, including one filed by US-based lawyer Udit Sood, challenged the ruling – and said it “suffers from errors apparent on the face of the record and is self-contradictory and manifestly unjust”.
The other petitioners are LGBTQIA+ rights advocate Supriyo Chakraborty, Kavita Arora, filmmaker and entrepreneur Aditi Anand, Kamakshi Raghavan, Nibedita Dutta, transwoman and human rights activist Zainab Patel, Nitin Karani, Phiroze Mehrotra and Vaibhav Jain.
Filed against the 17 October SC verdict under Article 137 (deals with the review of judgments by SC) of the Indian Constitution, the review petition filed by Sood and accessed by The Quint, called the judgment "self-contradictory and manifestly unjust."
The 450-page petition urged the apex court to "review and correct" its judgment, which denied equal marriage rights to LGBTQIA+ communities, saying the ruling “suffers from errors apparent on the face of the record."
The review petition laid down three grounds on which the SC judgment is to be reviewed and said that the matter subjects the constitutional rights of queer people to social morality and politics.
First, the plea states that the majority judgment by the court is "facially erroneous" and that while it recognises that there is discrimination against queer people, it does not provide for a means to address this discrimination.
The review plea gives an example of how the SC judgment holds "that the respondents’ characterisation of marriage for various collateral and intersectional purposes as a permanent and binding legal relationship… between heterosexual couples only (and no others) impacts queer couples adversely" and "has adverse discriminatory impact” by wrongly depriving them of marriage-related benefits."
Second, the plea said that the judgment is "self-contradictory" in its "understanding of marriage." The petition contended that “the majority judgment overlooks that marriage, at its core, is an enforceable social contract."
Third, the plea called the SC judgment "manifestly unjust" as it
"countenances animus-motivated depravation of the Petitioners' fundamental rights."
On 17 October, a five-judge bench headed by Chief Justice of India DY Chandrachud ruled against legalising same-sex marriage and said that it was up to the Parliament to make laws to enable it.
The 3:2 majority opinion was delivered by Justices RS Bhat, Hima Kohli, and PS Narasimha. Meanwhile, CJI Chandrachud and Justice Sanjay Kishan Kaul delivered separate dissenting judgments.
The 366-page judgment touched upon various matters, including whether the right to marry can be considered a fundamental right, whether queer couples can adopt, and whether a non-heterosexual civil union is plausible. You can read the highlights of the judgment here.
Speaking to The Quint after the verdict on 17 October, Udit Sood had expressed his disappointment and said that it was the job of the courts to "protect queer people against discrimination.” Sood said that his partner Andrew and he were looking forward to the verdict as they were "excited to marry in India."
Cameraperson: Ribhu Chatterjee
Video Editor: Puneet Bhatia
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Published: 02 Nov 2023,12:43 PM IST